Muscle cramps,causes,prevention and treatment.

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A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly
contracted muscle that does not relax. When we
use the muscles that can be controlled voluntarily,
such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately
contract and relax as we move our limbs.
Muscle cramps are extremely common. Almost
everyone (one estimate is about 95%) experiences a
cramp at some time in their life. Muscle cramps are
common in adults and become increasingly
frequent with aging. However, children also
experience cramps of muscles.
Characteristically, a cramp is painful,
often severely so. Usually, the sufferer
must stop whatever activity is under way
and seek relief from the cramp; the
person is unable to use the affected
muscle while it is cramping. Severe
cramps may be associated with soreness
and swelling, which can occasionally
persist up to several days after the cramp
has subsided. At the time of cramping,
the knotted muscle will bulge, feel very
firm, and may be tender.
Most cramps can be
stopped if the
muscle can be
stretched. For many
cramps of the feet
and legs, this
stretching can often be accomplished by
standing up and walking around. For a
calf muscle cramp, the person can stand
about 2 to 2.5 feet from a wall (possibly
farther for a tall person) and lean into the
wall to place the forearms against the wall
with the knees and back straight and the
heels in contact with the floor. (It is best
to learn this maneuver at a time when you
don't have the cramp.) Another technique
involves flexing the ankle by pulling the
toes up toward the head while still lying
in bed with the leg as straight as possible.
For writer's cramp (contractures in the
hand), pressing the hand on a wall with
the fingers facing down will stretch the
cramping finger flexor muscles.
Gently massaging the muscle will often
help it to relax, as will applying warmth
from a heating pad or hot soak. If the
cramp is associated with fluid loss, as is
often the case with vigorous physical
activity, fluid and electrolyte (especially
sodium and potassium) replacement is
essential.
Xubi Xhots

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